LA PAZ,
Bolivia _ Evo Morales, the new Bolivian
president, does not like being asked about drug
dealing. Nor does he like questions about his
admiration of Cuban dictator Fidel Castro, or
his friendship with Venezuela's controversial
President Hugo Chavez. But, after all, that is
why I have traveled to Bolivia: to try to get
to know the real Evo Morales.
My
appointment with the coca-grower leader was
changed several times: "Evo is still in
Cochabamba," "He has an appointment at the
Radisson Hotel," "It's for security reasons" _
until at last, at midday, we caught up with him
at his own home in the Bolivian capital.
He was
wearing the same "chompa," or
red-and-blue-striped sweater in which he
appeared throughout his recent tour of Europe,
Asia and South America. He doesn't wear a
necktie because, in his own words, "the
majority of ordinary people never wear a tie."
From his
first words it was clear he feels more
comfortable speaking his native tongue, Aymara,
than Spanish. But that did not prevent him
clearly stating that he "admires and respects"
Castro (who has ruled Cuba since 1959, the very
year Morales was born).
"There is
democracy there," Morales said about the Castro
regime. "For me, (Castro) is a democratic man
who defends life, who thinks of the human
being; if he's a dictator for you, that's your
problem, not mine."
But when I
asked if it wasn't hypocrisy to desire
democracy for the Bolivian people _ a
democracy, since 1982, achieved with so much
difficulty _ but not for Cubans, the
conversation became dangerously personal.
"I ask you,
very respectfully, not to call me a hypocrite,"
he admonished. "Hypocrisy comes only from your
questions."
I then
tried, not very successfully, to explain what I
was doing:
"My job as
a journalist, with all due respect, Mr.
Morales, is to ask questions."
The
atmosphere, suddenly, had become tense. He was
annoyed and it was showing; he twisted round in
his seat. I heard the complaints of his press
adviser in the back, but I continued.
When I told
him the Cuban exile community could prove the
deaths of thousands of persons in the hands of
Castro, Morales directed his attacks against
U.S. President George W. Bush: "I do not see as
much death (in Cuba) as that perpetrated by the
United States in Iraq."
"Fidel? How
many military bases does he have in Latin
America or the world?" he asked rhetorically,
and then went on: "And Bush? You tell me, how
many military bases does he have in the world
and where is he committing massacres every
day?"
"In your
opinion, is Bush a murderer?" I asked him.
"The people
will say that," he replied, avoiding speaking
in the first person. "(It is) a savage military
intervention; the people will say that's what
it is."
However,
when I tried again to get his personal opinion,
he answered, showing annoyance, "Stop
insisting." And later he added: "What you are
trying for is an international confrontation,
and I will not permit that."
I attempted
to ask him about his alliance with Chavez _ he
refers to Cuba, Venezuela and Bolivia as "the
axis of goodness" _ but he refused to respond,
telling me that from now on, he would only
answer topics related to Bolivia. The
conversation was not going well, so I skipped
to the subject of drug-dealing.
In Bolivia,
there are about 74,130 acres of coca
cultivation. Part of this is for traditional
consumption by Bolivians who use the leaf for
preparing tea and as a medicine. But another
important part of it is destined for drug
dealers who turn the leaves into the paste from
which cocaine is produced.
"Are you
thinking about eradicating coca cultivation in
Bolivia?" I asked him.
"No," he
answered, unhesitatingly. "Coca is sacred. Coca
will never be eradicated. Yes, drug dealing
must be eradicated, demand has to be eradicated
and cocaine needs to be eradicated."
But when I
asked him for details about his plans to
prevent excess coca leaves from being used by
drug lords, Morales ended the interview.
"Thank you
very much, time's up," he said, as he arose
from his chair and tore off the microphone. I
looked at my watch; we had conversed less than
seven minutes, far less time than the 15
minutes I had been promised.
"Didn't you
like the questions?" I managed to suggest. "No,
it's not that," Morales muttered, while his
press assistant asked me to be quiet and leave:
"Companero, please, companero ... "
Morales was
looking away when I left the room.
I admit
this was not the best way to meet a new leader.
Maybe my own image of Morales from abroad _
rather more of a stereotype _ did not match the
perception in Bolivia that, at last, the great
majority of its people had an indigenous leader
who looked like them and promised to defend
them.
Many
Bolivians told me to wait and see what Morales
does and not give so much weight to what he
says. To begin with, he's already reduced the
presidential salary by half: he'll earn the
equivalent of $1,875 a month, becoming one of
the world's worst-paid presidents.
But,
regardless of this, Morales will have to do
much more than reduce his salary to carry
forward the 9 million inhabitants of South
America's poorest nation. His plans to
nationalize the country's natural gas have not
been spelled out and the Bolivian request for a
$598-million U.S.loan is still pending. But
Bolivians are expecting results _ and good jobs
_ soon. The country is famous for its political
impatience; it has had five presidents in the
last three years.
More than
representing hope for a better future, Morales
is a product of the hopelessness wrought by
past corruption, racial discrimination, abuse
... and strategic mistakes of American policy
in the region. Three years after U.S.
Ambassador Manuel Rocha asked the Bolivian
people not to vote for Morales, 54 percent of
voters ignored his plea and, in December 2005,
voted for Morales.
Morales
said he would be a "nightmare" for the United
States and he already is. What Che Guevara
failed to fulfill when he came to Bolivia in
1966, Morales achieved four decades later, but
with votes and rather than bullets.
Morales has
some of the intransigence of Latin America's
old left (like, for example, his support for
the Cuban dictatorship) and some of the
pragmatism of the new left which has learned
how to win elections _ from Chile to Mexico.
If my brief
interview with Morales is any indication of the
path his presidency will take, the principal
danger is that political "mountain sickness"
will cloud his mind, or that power goes to his
head, or that he takes undue risks with the
fragile Bolivian democracy and isolates Bolivia
from globalization.
This
nation, which has no way out to the sea, is
gambling on Morales for a way out to the
future.